Linear and Non-linear

Both linear and non-linear structures can be used within the art of storytelling, however each has there own pros and cons and effectiveness which typically is determined by the genre and themes of the story as to which structure is used.

Linear

The events on screen are presented in a logical, chronological order, the story is told strictly from beginning to end as it happens.

This is useful in the sense the audience is presented with events as they arise to the character(s), effectively creating a closer connection which the main character(s). Also the audience shares the emotions of the character and elements of mystery and disruption to the characters are mirrored on the viewer.

Linear structures are good structures for crime or mystery shows as the audience is presented with the same amount of information as those solving the case and therefore try to link these events together as the character does. 

Similarly it's use in horror and thrillers can emphasise the tension and fear within the story.

Non-linear 

The order of the events shown are not chronological, they can be mixed and presented in any order for effect.

This structure is an effective way at creating confusion to the audience (for example inception), as the reasoning behind events is often held for reveal at a later stage.

Contrastingly however this structure can be used to give clarity and reason into events which may be confusing/unimportant or misinterpreted by the main character.

Another effect of non-linear structure can make the characters on screen seem superior to the audience due to the confusion around events set on the audience contrasted by the presentation of the character in such a collected and knowledgable manor.